肾病综合征患者皮肤问题护理干预
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宁宁，侯菲，王亚丽，徐建华，李春兰
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云南省曲靖中心医院，云南曲靖，655000
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摘要：目的 探讨针对性护理干预对肾病综合征（NS）患者皮肤问题的预防及改善效果，为临床护理提供实践依据。方法 选取2022年1月-2024年1月收治的200例肾病综合征患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组，每组100 例。对照组采用肾内科常规护理方案，观察组实施基于皮肤问题风险评估的针对性护理干预，包括皮肤屏障保护、水肿管理、感染预防、营养支持及健康宣教等综合措施。比较两组患者干预后皮肤问题发生率（压疮、皮肤感染、瘙痒、破损等）、皮肤愈合时间、护理满意度及生活质量评分。结果 观察组患者皮肤问题总发生率为8.0%，显著低于对照组的27.0%（χ2=14.528，P ＜ 0.001）；其中压疮、皮肤感染、瘙痒发生率分别为1.0%、2.0%、3.0%，均低于对照组的8.0%、10.0%、9.0%（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组皮肤破损愈合时间为（4.2±1.3）d，短于对照组的（7.5±2.1）d（t=12.364，P ＜ 0.001）。护理满意度评分观察组为（95.3±3.2）分，高于对照组的（82.6±4.5）分（t=21.587，P ＜ 0.001）。生活质量量表（SF-36）中躯体舒适维度评分观察组为（88.5±5.6）分，显著高于对照组的（72.3±6.8）分（P＜0.001）。结论 针对肾病综合征患者皮肤脆弱、水肿明显、免疫力低下等病理特点实施的针对性护理干预，可有效降低皮肤问题发生率，缩短皮肤损伤愈合时间，提高患者护理满意度及生活质量，值得临床推广应用。
关健词：肾病综合征；皮肤问题；护理干预；压疮预防；皮肤感染；生活质量
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Nursing Interventions for Skin Problems in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
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Ning Ning, Fei Hou, Yali Wang,Jianhua Xu,Chunlan Li
Qujing Central Hospital, Yunnan Province, Qujing Yunnan 655000，China
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Abstract：Objective To explore the preventive and improvement effects of targeted nursing interventions on skin problems inpatients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and to provide practical evidence for clinical nursing.Methods A total of 200 patientswith nephrotic syndrome admitted between January 2022 and January 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They wererandomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 100 patients in each group. The control group receivedroutine nephrology nursing care, while the observation group received targeted nursing interventions based on skin problemrisk assessment, including comprehensive measures such as protecting the skin barrier, managing edema, preventing infections,providing nutritional support, and conducting health education. The incidence of skin problems (pressure ulcers, skin infections,pruritus, skin breakdown, etc.), skin healing time, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life scores were compared between thetwo groups after the intervention.Results The total incidence of skin problems in the observation group was 8.0%, significantlylower than that in the control group (27.0%) (χ2=14.528, P<0.001). Specifically, the incidence rates of pressure ulcers, skininfections, and pruritus in the observation group were 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0%, respectively, all lower than those in the control group (8.0%, 10.0%, and 9.0%, P<0.05). The skin breakdown healing time in the observation group was (4.2±1.3) days, shorter than that in the control group [(7.5±2.1) days] (t=12.364, P<0.001). The nursing satisfaction score in the observation group was (95.3±3.2) points, higher than that in the control group [(82.6±4.5) points] (t=21.587, P<0.001). The physical comfort dimen?sion score of the SF-36 quality of life scale in the observation group was (88.5±5.6) points, significantly higher than that in the control group [(72.3±6.8) points] (P<0.001).Conclusion Targeted nursing interventions, implemented based on the patholog?ical characteristics of nephrotic syndrome patients, such as fragile skin, significant edema, and low immunity, can effectively reduce the incidence of skin problems, shorten the healing time of skin damage, and improve patients’ nursing satisfaction and quality of life. These interventions are worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Keywords : Nephrotic syndrome; Skin problems; Nursing intervention; Pressure ulcer prevention; Skin infection; Quality of life
参考文献
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